Levy or contribution’ in which additional land value derived from public land use regulatory changes (e.g., rezoning from agriculture to residential) is extracted from the property owners that directly benefits from the land use regulatory intervention. The landowners are compelled to make cash or in-kind contributions to obtain special approvals or permission to develop or build on their land. The nature and extent of the contributions is stipulated through subdivision or development agreements based on a particular norm or expectation, and in some cases, it may be negotiated (directly between the developer and the local authorities) on an individual basis.
